An Interdisciplinary Assessment of Winter Flounder Stock Structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Stock structure and management of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) was evaluated throughout its geographic range in the northwest Atlantic. Information on genetics, morphology, meristics, larval dispersal, life history traits, applied mark experiments and environmental signals was reviewed. Winter flounder in U.S. waters are currently managed as three separate units; Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine and Southern New England/Mid-Atlantic. Estuarine spawning, which likely plays an important role in reproductive isolation and population structure, appears to be obligate in southern New England, non-existent on Georges Bank and variable in the Gulf of Maine. Despite evidence for reproductively isolated estuarine groups, information from tagging, meristic analysis, and life history studies suggest extensive mixing, thereby supporting the current U.S. management regimen. In Canadian waters, winter flounder are managed as three units: western Scotian Shelf (NAFO Div. 4X), eastern Scotian Shelf (NAFO Div. 4VW), and the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (NAFO Div. 4T). Genetic analysis and parasite markers indicate that these Canadian management units are distinct. However, examination of inshore and offshore winter flounder within division 4X suggests little interchange occurs between these groups. Several separate stocks probably exist within the 4T management area as well. Stock assessment and fishery management would likely benefit from stock composition analysis of mixed-stock fisheries of both U.S. and Canadian fishery resources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".