Full‐Scale Prechlorine Removal: Impact on Filter Performance and Water Quality
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conversion from direct filtration to biofiltration in a full‐scale drinking water treatment plant in Halifax, N.S., was assessed in terms of filter performance (e.g., turbidity, head loss) and water quality during a 48‐month project. Conversion was achieved by removing prechlorination, with the overall objective of reducing disinfection by‐product formation. As a result of prechlorine removal, it was hypothesized that the anthracite‐sand filters would provide both particle removal and biological treatment in a single process step. When prechlorine was removed, adenosine triphosphate concentrations on the filter media increased from ∼50 to ∼200–500 ng/cm 3 . Filter performance analysis revealed that conversion increased the filter effluent turbidity and reduced the filter head loss accumulation rate. Unit filter run volumes and filter run times were maintained. Water quality monitoring indicated that finished water total disinfection by‐products were reduced by ∼10–20 μg/L for trihalomethanes and ∼6–10 μg/L for haloacetic acids.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it