Low voltage mixer biasing using monolithic integrated transformer dc-coupling
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monolithic microstrip transformers are used to perform coupling, biasing, and filtering functions in a CMOS Gilbert cell mixer. The coupling and biasing technique offers important advantages over the traditional stacked transistor biasing arrangement. Foremost among these is a reduction in required operating voltage. Additionally, the new topology allows the designer to easily adjust the bias current present in the Gilbert cell input transistors, while bias currents in other portions of the circuit are unaffected. Mixer linearity can therefore be improved by accurate adjustment of the input MOSFET operating point. The importance of these adjustments with regard to the mixer conversion gain and IIP3 is examined. A transformer was constructed in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS and the s-parameters of the transformer were measured over a range of frequencies spanning 800 MHz to 18 GHz. This data was used to design a low-voltage mixer operating at 1.9 GHz.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it