Quartz arenites of the Cambro-Ordovician Kamouraska Formation, Quebec Appalachians, Canada: I. Deep-water depositional processes in a continental-slope environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Kamouraska Formation is an uppermost Cambrian – lowermost Ordovician quartz-arenite-dominated unit of controversial origin deposited on the southeastern slope of Laurentia bordering the Iapetus Ocean. It is exposed in the Quebec Appalachians on the south shore of the St. Lawrence Estuary. The formation consists of basal polymictic conglomerate and overlying massive sheet-like quartz arenite. The conglomerate beds are reversely and reversely to normally graded. The quartz arenite beds are generally massive, although they may show coarse-tail grading. Beds containing full or partial Bouma sequences are rare. Paleoflow directions from ripple-cross lamination, ripple marks on bed surfaces, and sole marks point towards southeast, south, and southwest. The clastic sediments of the Kamouraska were transported into the deep sea by sediment gravity flows that evolved from hyperconcentrated to concentrated density flows, and then to turbidity currents. The depositional environment is interpreted to have been a southwest-trending meandering submarine canyon. The exposed part of the canyon deposits is slightly oblique to the strike of slope. If correct, our interpretation establishes the preservation of continental-slope deposits in more distal deep-water siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the Taconian orogen in Quebec, which traditionally have been interpreted as submarine-fan and (or) basin-plain deposits. The orientation of a canyon near parallel-to strike of the slope may have been controlled by syn-depositional growth faults. The coarsest hyperconcentrated flows, which deposited the conglomerate, were restricted to the deepest parts of the canyon during its early stages of development, whereas the concentrated density flows that deposited the massive quartz-arenite beds covered a wider area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".