Library and Information Services to the Visually Impaired-The Role of Academic Libraries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Libraries have a moral obligation to make information available to all categories of users regardless of their gender, age, race, political affiliation or disability. However, a lot of people have limited access to information materials most especially in developing countries like Nigeria. A review of the literature shows that library and information services to the visually impaired in Nigeria is largely undertaken by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Years of underfunding and neglect has weakened the functionality of the public libraries in this regard. Using the interview method, the study assessed library and information provision to the visually impaired by academic libraries across the country. The findings revealed that none of the libraries surveyed has Braille book, talking books, talking newspaper and assistive technologies were not available in the libraries. The only materials that were available were a few audio books. The study suggested some practical solutions to improving library and information services to the visually handicapped in Nigeria. Key words: Visually impaired; Library and information services; Nigeria; Academic libraries; Assistive technology; Information; Social inclusionResume: Les bibliotheques ont une obligation morale de rendre l'information accessible a toutes les categories d'utilisateurs, independamment de leur sexe, âge, race, appartenance politique ou d'un handicap. Cependant, beaucoup de gens ont un acces limite aux documents d'information plus particulierement dans les pays en developpement comme le Nigeria. Une revue de la litterature montre que le service d'information et les bibliotheque pour les malvoyants au Nigeria est en grande partie menees par les agences non gouvernementales (NGO). Aa cet egard, les annees de sous-financement et de la negligence a affaibli la fonctionnalite des bibliotheques publiques. En utilisant la methode de l'entretien, l'etude a evalue la bibliotheques et la disposition des informations pour des malvoyants par des bibliotheques universitaires a travers le pays. Les resultats ont revele qu'aucun des bibliotheques interrogees a un livre en braille, livres sonores, journaux parlants et de technologies d'assistance ne sont pas disponibles dans les bibliotheques. Les seuls materiaux qui etaient disponibles etaient quelques livres audio. L'etude suggere quelques solutions pratiques pour ameliorer la bibliotheque et les services de l’information pour les malvoyants au Nigeria. Mots cles: Deficience visuelle; Bibliotheque et services d'information; Le Nigeria; Les bibliotheques universitaires; Technologie d’aides; L'information; L'inclusion sociale
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".