Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nicholas Martin Short, a geologist who helped establish the fields of shock metamorphism and terrestrial meteorite impact crater studies, and who later made contributions to lunar sample investigations and the use of remote sensing in terrestrial geology, died on June 12, 2011, in Mitchellville, Maryland, after a long battle with cancer.Nick's scientific career, as well as his personality, was characterized by imagination, independence, enthusiasm, persistence, intense and articulate communication, a real love of teaching, a wide range of scientific and nonscientific interests, and a marvelous sense of humor.He filled many roles in his lifetime: as a productive and multidisciplinary scientist, a dedicated and effective educator, an entertaining and valued colleague, a happy and loving husband and father, and an unintentional focus for random improbable and whimsical events.He will be missed by his family, friends, colleagues, and acquaintances.Nick was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1927.He received a B.S. in Geology from St. Louis University ( l951), an M.S. in Geology from Washington University (St.Louis) (1954), and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1958).With his brand-new Ph.D. in sedimentation and geochemistry, he made the first of several major career shifts: instead of continuing in traditional geochemistry, he joined the AEC's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's Plowshare Program, which was investigating the peaceful uses of atomic energy, and he became the only geoscientist in a large group of nuclear engineers and solid-state physicists who were busy making large explosions in the Nevada desert.''In the presence of physicists and engineers,'' Nick wrote in a recent memoir (Short 2004), ''I learned fast about the phenomenology of nuclear explosions.''He had to.He had been dropped into a world far removed from traditional geology; the chief process here was the near-instantaneous release of immense amounts of energy at a point source, followed quickly by the alteration of the surrounding target rocks by extreme physical conditions: intense high-pressure transient shock waves, high temperatures, and rapid deformation of both the target rocks and the individual minerals in them.Nick quickly observed that, although the Plowshare Program was producing numerous chemical and nuclear
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.212 | 0.119 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".