Mineralogic evidences of a mid-Paleozoic tectono-thermal event in the Zonguldak terrane, northwest Turkey: implications for the dynamics of some Gondwana-derived terranes during the closure of the Rheic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Zonguldak terrane is a Gondwana-derived continental microplate along the Black Sea coast in northwest Anatolia. It includes a Cadomian basement, with oceanic- and island-arc sequences, unconformably overlain by siliciclastic rocks of Ordovician to Middle Silurian age. After a period of deformation and erosion, late Lower Devonian (Emsian) quartzites and shallow-marine limestones unconformably cover Middle Silurian (Wenlock) graptolitic shales. Along several cross sections across the unconformity plane, the mineralogical characteristics of the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Zonguldak terrane are studied to check whether this regional unconformity is only of epeirogenic nature or the result of a thermal event. In addition to the appearance of kaolinite in Devonian units, crystal-chemical data of illites show a sudden jump at the unconformity plane. The b cell dimension values of illites of Ordovician–Silurian units are somewhat higher than those of Devonian–Carboniferous units and show a drastic drop between the Silurian and Devonian units. The new mineralogic data indicate that the pre-Emsian rocks in the Zonguldak terrane experienced a thermodynamo event, prior to the Emsian transgression. This Caledonian-time event is also reported in east Moesian terrane but not noticed in the neighboring Istanbul–Zonguldak and in the west Moesian – Balkan – Kreishte terranes. By this, it is suggested that Zonguldak and east Moesian terranes behaved independently from the Istanbul–Balkan terranes during the closure of the Rheic Ocean. They very likely docked to Laurussia during Emsian by strike-slip faults and remained thereon at its platform margin, where the Middle–Late Devonian shallow-platform conditions were followed by fluvial (lagoon and delta) conditions and deposition of coal during Late Carboniferous.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".