Ectopic mineralization in late stage atherosclerosis of heme oxygenase‐1 deficient mice (832.11)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) has a role in vascular protection. Loss of HO‐1 activity has previously been shown to accelerate the onset and severity of atherosclerotic plaques, while the opposite has been reported with elevated HO‐1 activity. HO‐1 confers cytoprotection to endothelial and smooth muscle cells, yet may also limit their proliferation. The role of HO‐1 in late‐stage atherosclerotic plaque stability has not yet been examined. Hypothesis: Loss of HO‐1 cytoprotection confers plaque instability in late‐stage atherosclerotic lesions of mice. Methods: Both HO‐1 wild‐type, ApoE deficient (HO‐1+/+/ApoE‐/‐, knockout; KO) and HO‐l deficient and ApoE deficient (HO‐1‐/‐/ApoE‐/‐, double knockout; DKO) male mice were fed a Western diet for six months. Histology assessment of brachiocephalic arteries was performed to determine plaque composition. Results: Lesions from DKO‐mice were smaller, more calcified, with greater extracellular matrix (ECM) compared to KO‐mice whose lesions were larger, more lipid dense and acellular. Conclusions: HO‐1 gene disruption in mice does not lead to atherosclerotic plaque with characteristics of instability. However, highly calcified plaques are directly correlated with poor prognosis. This may have implications for patients with low levels of HO‐1, whose lesions may be clinically silent longer and in the event of rupture more deleterious.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".