The relationship between stage 1 and 2 non-small cell lung cancer and lung function in men and women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) has been linked to non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unclear whether all or only certain histological subtypes of NSCLC are associated with reduced FEV1. Moreover, there is little information on whether gender modifies this relationship. Using a large tissue registry, we sought to determine the relationship between FEV1 and subtypes of NSCLC and determine whether this relationship is modified by gender. METHODS: We used data from patients who underwent tumor resection for NSCLC at a teaching hospital in Vancouver and had various pre-operative clinical measurements including FEV1. We divided the cohort into quartiles of predicted FEV1 and using both logistic and linear regression modeling techniques determined whether FEV1 was related to the occurrence of adeno or squamous cell carcinoma in men and women. RESULTS: There were 610 patients in the study (36% females). On average, women were more likely to have adenocarcinoma than were men (72% of all cases of NSCLC in women versus 40% in men; p < 0.001). In women, there was no significant relationship between FEV1 and the risk of any histological subtypes of NSCLC. In men, however, there was an inverse relationship between the risk of adenocarcinoma and FEV1 such that the lowest quartile of FEV1 was 47% less likely to have adenocarcinoma compared with the highest FEV1 quartile (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52; 0.28 to 0.98; p for trend, 0.028). The reverse was observed for squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In individuals undergoing lung resection for NSCLC, the risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung varies as a function of FEV1, independent of smoking intensity in men but not in women. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These data indicate that women are much more susceptible to adenocarcinoma than are men especially when they have normal or near normal lung function. It may thus be useful to conduct periodic surveillance chest radiographs in asymptomatic female smokers (or ex-smokers) to ascertain peripheral nodules or masses before distant metastases occur since adenocarcinomas tend to metastasize earlier in the disease course than squamous cell carcinomas.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".