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Record W1772574110

The Ordeal at Roncesvalles: Francs e paiens, as les vus ajustez.

2015· article· en· W1772574110 on OpenAlexaff
Terence Scully

Bibliographic record

VenueIndiana Magazine of History (Indiana University) · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicMedieval European Literature and History
Canadian institutionsWilfrid Laurier University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTrial by ordealPhilosophyTheology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The Ordeal at Roncesvalles: Francs e paiens, as les vus ajustez.READING THE OPENING EVENTS of the central conflict in the Chanson de Roland-that is, the combats between the chief French heroes, Roland, Oliver, and Turpin, and their first three Saracen opponents-one is struck by a peculiar parallelism in the narrative.1 This episode, following v. 1188, 2 is of course one of the main episodes of the whole poem, being the beginning of the long, bloody battle between the French rear guard and the Saracens, which is central in the narrative.We can expect to find in this scene a repetition, or even several repetitions, of the elements of the action, as the poet exploits the drama of the circumstances and reinforces it in his audience's ears.3 But what is curious is not so much the fact that the poet repeats himself in laisses 93, 94, and 95 with 1 In The Song of Roland: Formulaic Style and Poetic craft (Berkeley, 1973), pp.144-5, Joseph J. Duggan points to this close parallelism of structure in the three laisses 93, 94, and 95.He sees in them the poet's use of a number of set formulas but does not examine why the poet chose the particular formulas or sequence of formulas that he used in each case.In the same way Renate Hitze in Studien zu Sprache und Stil tier Kampfschilderung in den Chansons de Geste (Geneva & Paris, 1965) studies the conventional terminology which appears in descriptions of battle scenes in the old French epic in general.This work would be a very useful means to broaden the scope of the present study so as to examine in all early French chansons de geste the concept that any battle is in fact a formal ordeal before God.While I can see this belief underlying combats in a number of other poems, I have restricted myself here to dealing solely with the Chanson de Roland. 2 The edition by F. Whitehead, La Chanson de Roland (Oxford, 1942), is used as the text source throughout this study.3 Jean Rychner (La Chanson de geste: Essai sur l'art épique des jongleurs, [Geneva & Lille, 1955], 151) sees this episode merely as an illustration of the poet's use of a sort of amplifîcatio and ornamentum."Un motif peut être plus ou moins développé, orné avec plus ou moins d'abondance: c'est une question de métier.L'auteur du Roland profite de cette possibilité pour grandir les trois figures de ses protagonistes: les trois combats que livrent d'abord Roland, Oliver et Turpin sont développés, le motif est orné du motif secondaire 'injures avant et après le combat', alors que les combats des personnages moins importants sont ensuite traités plus simplement.Les moyens traditionnels et professionnels sont ainsi mis volontairement au service d'intentions dramatiques et poétiques."213 R Tute l'eschine li desevret del dos, Od sun espiét l'anme li getet fors; Enpeint le ben, fait li brandir le cors, Pleine sa hanste del cheval l'abat mort, En dous meitiez li ad brisét le col; Ne leserat, ço dit, que n'i parolt: 'Ultre culvert, Carles n'est mie fol, 1204 Ne traïsun unkes amer ne volt, Il fist que proz qu'il nus laisad as porz, Oi n'en perdrat France dulce sun los.Ferez i Francs, nostre est li premers colps!1208 Nos avum dreit, mais cist glutun unt tort.' AOI 1212 94 b) Un duc i est, si ad num Falsaron.Icil er frere al rei Marsiliun, Il tint la tere Dathan e Abirun, Suz cel nen at plus encrisme felun.Entre les dous oilz mult out large le front, Grant demi pied mesurer i pout hom.Asez ad doel quant vit mort sun nevold; 1216 Ist de la prese, si se met en bandun E s'es(es)criet l'enseigne paienor, Envers Franceis est mult cuntrarïus: 'Enquoi perdrat France dulce s'onur.' 1220 Ot le Oliver, si.n ad mult grant irur, Le cheval brochet des oriez esperuns, Vait le ferir en guise de baron, L'escut li freint e l'osberc li derumpt, 1224 El cors li met les pans del gunfanun, Pleine sa hanste l'abat mort des arçuns.Guardet a tere, veit gesir le glutun, Si li ad dit par mult fiere raison: 1228 'De voz manaces, culvert, jo n'ai essoign.Ferez i, Francs!kar tresben les veintrum.'Munjoie escriet, ço est l'enseigne Carlun.AOI.95 1232 c) Uns reis i est, si ad num Corsablix, Barbarins est d'un estra[n]ge païs, Si apelad le[s] altres Sarrazins: 'Ceste bataille ben la puum tenir; Kar de Franceis i ad asez petit.1236 Cels ki ci sunt devum aveir mult vil, Ja pur Charles n'i ert un sul guarit.1240 Or est le jur qu'els estuvrat murir.' Ben l'entendit li arc[e]vesques Turpin.Suz ciel n'at hume que [tant] voeillet haïr, Sun cheval brochet des esperuns d'or fin, Par grant vertut si l'est alét ferir.L'escut li freinst, l'osberc li descumfist, 1244 Sun grant espiét parmi le cors li mist; Empeint le ben, que mort le fait brandir, Pleine sa hanste l'abat mort el chemin; Guardet arere, veit le glutun gesir, 1248 Ne laisserat que n'i parolt, ço dit: 'Culvert païen, vos i avez mentit; Carles, mi sire, nus est guarant tuz dis, Nostre Franceis n'unt talent de fuïr, 1252 Voz cumpaignuns feruns trestuz restifs; Nuveles vos di, mort vos estoet susfrir.Ferez, Franceis, nul de vus ne s'ublit!Cist premer colp est nostre, Deu mercit.[']1256 Munjoie escriet por le camp retenir.1260

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.258
Threshold uncertainty score0.514

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0080.003
Scholarly communication0.0050.002
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0020.003
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0620.007

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.039
GPT teacher head0.180
Teacher spread0.140 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2015
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Same venueIndiana Magazine of History (Indiana University)Same topicMedieval European Literature and HistoryFrench-language works237,207