The Precarious Politics of Shifting Direction: The Introduction of the HST in BC and Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2009 the governments of British Columbia and Ontario announced the harmonization of their provincial sales taxes with the federal Goods and Services Tax, an opportunity which had been persistently rejected for twenty years. Policy and political windows opened for harmonization as governments struggled with the budgetary consequences of a severe and growing recession. The Harmonized Sales Tax proved politically unpopular in both provinces, but outcomes varied dramatically. In Ontario, the HST remains intact; its survival reflected Premier Dalton McGuinty's new-found belief in the necessity of harmonization as well as his government's expansive measures to encourage public acceptance of it. In British Columbia, the HST was extinguished following a widespread populist rebellion that found expression through the province's Recall and Initiative Act. Ironically, the same objective that prompted the HST's adoption -- deficit containment -- also led to its demise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".