Stability of Trimethoprim in Admixtures of Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole Prepared in Polyvinylchloride Bags and Glass Bottles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the stability of various concentrations of trimethoprim in admixtures of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole prepared in polyvinylchloride (PVC) bags and glass bottles. Methods: Concentrated trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was added to 250-mL evacuated glass containers and 100-mL PVC bags containing 5% dextrose in water (D5W) or normal saline (NS) to produce a final trimethoprim concentration of 1.08 or 1.60 mg/mL. Samples were stored at room temperature under ambient light. Chemical stability was assessed at 12 and 24 h by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Physical stability was based on visual inspection of the samples at 12 and 24 h. Selected samples were filtered or examined microscopically to confirm the results of visual inspection. The pH of all samples was measured at 0 and 24 h. Results: The concentration of trimethoprim at 24 h averaged more than 95% of the starting concentration irrespective of container, concentration, or IV solution. No visible precipitate was observed in any admixture prepared in PVC bags. Admixtures prepared with D5W in glass bottles at a concentration of 1.08 mg/mL were clear at 12 h, but a precipitate was present in 5 of the 20 samples at 24 h. Several samples prepared with NS in glass at 1.60 mg/mL precipitated within 12 h, and 14 of the 20 had precipitated by 24 h. Conclusions: Admixtures containing trimethoprim exhibit chemical and physical stability over a 24-h period when prepared in PVC bags. Physical stability in PVC bags is superior to that in glass bottles, particularly at higher concentrations; use of PVC bags would allow the shelf life of admixtures to be extended to 24 h. D5W is the preferred IV solution for preparation of such admixtures. RESUME Objectif : Comparer la stabilite de diverses concentrations de trimethoprime dans des melanges trimethoprime– sulfamethoxazole prepares dans des sacs en polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) et des bouteilles de verre. Methodes : L’association trimethoprime–sulfamethoxazole a ete ajoutee a des flacons sous vide de 250 mL et des sacs en PVC de 100 mL contenant du dextrose a 5 % dans l’eau (D5W) ou une solution physiologique (NS), pour obtenir une concentration finale de trimethoprime de 1,08 ou 1,60 mg/mL. Les echantillons ont ensuite ete entreposes a la temperature et a la lumiere ambiantes. La stabilite chimique a ete evaluee a 12 et a 24 heures a l’aide d’une epreuve de stabilite par chromatographie liquide a haute pression. La stabilite physique a ete evaluee par l’inspection visuelle des echantillons a 12 et a 24 heures. Des echantillons choisis ont ete filtres et examines au microscope pour confirmer les resultats de l’inspection visuelle. Le pH de tous les echantillons a ete mesure a 0 et a 24 heures. Resultats : La moyenne des concentrations en trimethoprime a 24 heures etait de 95 % de la concentration initiale, independamment du contenant, de la concentration ou de la solution IV. Aucun precipite visible n’a ete observe dans les melanges prepares dans des sacs en PVC. Les melanges prepares dans des bouteilles de verre avec du D5W, a des concentrations de 1,08 mg/mL, etaient clairs a 12 heures, mais 5 des 20 echantillons presentaient un precipite a 24 heures. Plusieurs echantillons prepares dans des bouteilles de verre avec du NS, a des concentrations de 1,60 mg/mL, ont forme un precipite apres 12 heures et 14 des 20 echantillons ont forme un precipite apres 24 heures. Conclusions : Les melanges contenant de la trimethoprime sont chimiquement et physiquement stables sur une periode de 24 heures, lorsqu’ils sont prepares dans des sacs en PVC. La stabilite physique des melanges est superieure dans les sacs en PVC que dans les bouteilles de verre, particulierement a de fortes concentrations ; le recours a des sacs en PVC permettrait de prolonger la duree de conservation des melanges jusqu’a 24 heures. Le D5W constitue la solution IV de choix pour les preparations de tels melanges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".