Full-length genomic sequence of bovine coronavirus (31 kb). Completion of the open reading frame 1a/1b sequences.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine Coronavirus (BCV) is an important veterinary pathogen which causes neonatal diarrhea in newborn calves and winter dysentery in adult cattle. Recent studies indicate that BCV also infects the respiratory tract of cattle producing severe respiratory problems, especially in feedlot cattle. BCV belongs to the antigenic group II of coronaviruses and shares the antigenic and genetic similarities with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), human Coronavirus strain OC43, turkey Coronavirus, and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of pigs. Approximately 10 kb of the 3’ most BCV genome has been sequenced, and this region is known to encode all the structural proteins plus the 32k nonstructural protein which resides immediately upstream of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoprotein gene. The comparative studies indicate that the genome organization of BCV is similar to but distinct from MHV. In BCV, the HE gene is functional coding for a major envelop protein while it is an optional gene in MHV. Similarly, the 32k protein gene is absent in some of the MHV variants. The region between the spike (S) protein gene and the small membrane (E) protein gene also shows a significant sequence divergence among coronaviruses. Two thirds of the BCV genome remain largely undetermined.KeywordsInfectious Bronchitis VirusMouse Hepatitis VirusFeedlot CattleProteolytic Cleavage SiteAvian Infectious Bronchitis VirusThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.029 | 0.022 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".