Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status: the Genathlete study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Genathlete study, we examined the contribution of three polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) gene to discriminate elite endurance athletes (EEA) from sedentary controls (SC). The EEA group included a total of 316 Caucasian males with a VO2max >75 mL/kg. The SC group comprised 299 unrelated sedentary Caucasian males who had VO2max values below 50 mL/kg. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to amplify a microsatellite (CA)(n) repeat in intron 13, a 27 bp repeat in intron 4 and a third fragment in exon 7 containing the Glu298Asp SNP. No difference was found between the EEA and SC groups for the 27 bp repeat and the Glu298Asp polymorphism. Chi-square analysis of the overall allelic distribution of the (CA)(n) repeat revealed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.135). However, comparing carriers and non-carriers for the most common (CA)(n) repeat alleles, we found significant differences between SC and EEA, with more EEA subjects carrying the 164 bp allele (P=0.007). In summary, we found suggestive evidence that the 164 bp allele of the (CA)(n) repeat in intron 13 is associated with EEA status and may account for some of the differences between EEA and SC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".