An acoustical study of IPOD output: Effects of headsets and control settings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An acoustical study was conducted to investigate the level of sound output of Apple iPod using different kinds of headsets and how output depends on factors such as equalizer and volume control settings. Three factors that differentiate one set of headphones from another are sensitivity, impedance, and frequency response. The acoustical output measurements were compared for samples of two genres of music played at four volume settings and different equalizer settings for three different headsets. Two 30 second sound clips were used for the tests, one from the Hip hop genre and the other from Electronica. Hip Hop songs are known for their strong precussion, thus most of their energy is concentrated in the low-frequency range between 1 and 4 KHz whereas Electronica song features synthetically produced sounds spanning a frequency range from 1 to 12 KHz. The largest and smallest differences at each volume level were used to determine which equalizer settings made the most differences. These physical measurements can be used to estimate the risk to human hearing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".