Inner-shell filling and X-ray emission of Ar<sup>17+</sup> ion in grazing incidence on an Al (111) surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on “length and energy scale matching” theory, we put forward a model for the Ar 17+ ion in grazing incidence on an Al surface. Using the model and a more detailed side feeding rate, the inner-shell filling and X-ray emission of the incident Ar 17+ ion are minutely studied. The results show that the final charged state of the ion gradually increases with increasing incident velocity, which is in accordance with experimental results. The central energies of K X-ray lines (K α and K β ) are mainly influenced by the vertical energy of the ion, that is, for a given incident angle the X-ray spectrum from the ion with bigger incident energy is dominated by the decay of the ion with fewer L- and M-shell vacancies. However, the intensity of the lines depends not only on the vertical velocity, but also the horizontal velocity of the incident ion. In addition, both of the K X-ray lines have large widths, which shows that they are emitted from an ion with a broad spectrum of L- and M-shell populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".