18 F-Choline PET/CT as a New Tool for Functional Imaging of Non-Proliferating Secreting Neuroendocrine Tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Choline is an essential component for the formation of new cell membrane and the current understanding is that increased choline uptake in cancer lesions is explained by - and roughly correlates with - cellular proliferation. 18 F-fluoromethylcholine, a radiolabeled PET-tracer, is increasingly used for the detection of proliferating cancers with PET/CT (choline PET), for example for restaging of recurrent prostate carcinoma. However, clinical findings have suggested that choline uptake may not always be related to proliferation. We present three cases with a carcinoid of the lung with high uptake of radiolabeled choline on PET/CT and a low Ki-67 proliferation index as demonstrated by immunostaining. Although the mechanism behind the enhanced uptake in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors is not yet fully understood, for clinical practice this finding means that not every highly choline-avid lesion represents an aggressive cancer; the diagnosis of a functional neuroendocrine tumor should be considered as well. J Endocrinol Metab. 2015;5(4):267-271 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem300w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".