Contemporary technique of intraoperative 3-dimensional ultrasonography–guided transperineal prostate cryotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Successful cryotherapy of the prostate for neoplasms relies on imaging to achieve good oncological outcomes with minimal complications.Traditional prostatic cryotherapy relies on 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) guidance, which often makes it difficult to track the passage of needles in an oblique plane.We describe our initial 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) system, and the subsequent improvements that have been made during the last 10 years.Our imaging system uses a Philips HDI 5000 ultrasonography unit, a standard PC, a Matrox Meteor II video frame grabber and 3DUS developed at Robarts Research Institute.For the cryotherapy we use ultrathin (17-gauge) IceRod needles.After image acquisition, preplanning is performed using the 3-dimensional (3D) software, and then the IceRod needles are inserted into the prostate.As the freezing process commences, continuous 3DUS images are taken and analyzed during the double freeze-thaw cycles to monitor the progress of the ice ball formation.Real-time intraoperative 3D imaging of the prostate during cryotherapy has allowed us to accurately preplan and then monitor the progression of ice ball formation, which represents a significant advantage over conventional 2DUS. RésuméPour être efficace, la cryothérapie prostatique utilisée pour le traitement de tumeurs nécessite une technique d'imagerie en vue d'obtenir de bons résultats tout en minimisant les complications.La cryothérapie prostatique classique est guidée par échographie transrectale en deux dimensions, avec laquelle il est souvent difficile de suivre le trajet des aiguilles sur un plan oblique.Nous décrivons ici notre système d'échographie en trois dimensions initial, et les améliorations ultérieures apportées au cours des 10 dernières années.Notre système d'imagerie comprend un appareil d'échographie Philips HDI 5000, un ordinateur standard, un saisisseur d'image Matrox Meteor II et un logiciel d'échographie en trois dimensions élaboré au Robarts Research Institute; pour la cryothérapie, nous utilisons des aiguilles de calibre 17 de Galil Medical.Une fois l'imagerie en fonction, la planification est effectuée à l'aide du logiciel en 3D, puis les aiguilles de
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".