Bibliographic record
Abstract
Classic Maya Women Rulers in Monumental ArtThe Maya Classic period was a time of fluorescence when cities, art and architecture flourished.However, for the ruling lineages of Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico and Naranjo in Guatemala it was an unusual time as well; unusual in that a new type of ruler would come to power, an event which had never occurred before the Classic period nor would again after.What I am referring to is the assent of three women to the throne, two as rulers of Palenque and one at Naranjo.Lady Kan-Ik, also known as Lady 01 Nal, Lady Kanal-Ikal (Hewitt 1999: 253) and Lady YoW Ik'nal (Grube et aI., 2000: 158), ruled in Palenque from AD 583 until her death in AD 604 (Grube et aI., 2000: 159; Hewitt 1999: 254).Lady Zac-Kuk also ruled in Palenque from AD 612 to AD 615 and then remained in power as regent for another twentyfive years until her death in AD 640 (Hewitt 1999: 255).The last female ruler was Lady Six Sky who, native of Dos Pilas would hold power in Naranjo from AD 702 until AD 726 (Hewitt 1999: 255).Clearly, these women were able to gain an unprecedented amount of power, a fact I believe to be reflected in their portraits and associated hieroglyphs found on monumental art, which they commissioned or were erected in their honour.With this essay I will be comparing these Classic period Maya women rulers to contemporary male kings and other elite females in terms of their representation in hieroglyphs and on monumental art.From this comparison, I hope to explore what the differences and commonalities may tell us about how and why these women rulers were depicted in such an unusual "masculinized" way (Hewitt 1999: 251).To best answer this question 1 will address three topics; 1) a cursory comparison of the three groups of individuals in Mayan hieroglyphs; 2) an exploration of the similarities and differences of representation in monumental art; 3) an overview of the theories that have been put forth by scholars as to why Lady Kan-Ik, Lady Zac-Kuk and Lady Six Sky were portrayed in such unconventional ways as well as cover my own thoughts on the subject. Women Rulers as Represented in Mayan HieroglyphsMayan hieroglyphs appeared to be used for many purposes including elite propaganda.Specifically, in Maya inscriptions figures are referred to using their appellative phrases which are a series of personal names and titles that vary in length but which usually follow rules of context and syntax, which appear to be held in general across the Maya region (Hewitt 1999: 252).These name or appellative phrases of the Maya rulers and nobles invariably end with something known as the emblem glyph, which most scholars believe to be the place names of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".