Ramadan and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ramadan is the Holy month of the Muslims when they are required to fast from dawn to sunset. The present study was aimed at exploring the effects of fasting in the Ramadan on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), creatinine, and acute complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. This prospective study was carried out among 92 types 2 diabetes patients (age 47±9 years, mean±SD), selected randomly from a tertiary-care hospital of the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS). Significant changes were observed in the pulse rate (p=.001) and BMI (p=.001) in type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Fasting blood glucose (p=.001), fructosamine (p=.001), TC (p=.003), HDL-C (p=.004), TG (p=.04), and creatinine (p=.01) were significantly higher in all the patients during fasting. Fasting during Ramadan is associated with a deterioration of metabolic control in diabetic patients. However, fasting did not cause any irreversible damage to renal function; so, fasting is safe for type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh during Ramadan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".