The functional phonological unit of <scp>J</scp>apanese‐<scp>E</scp>nglish bilinguals is language dependent: Evidence from masked onset and mora priming effects
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Speech production research has shown that J apanese monolingual speakers use mora‐sized phonological units, not phoneme‐sized units, when phonologically encoding J apanese words. Recent bilingual research has indicated that proficient J apanese‐ E nglish bilinguals nevertheless use phoneme‐sized units when phonologically encoding E nglish words, suggesting that use of a phonological unit that is smaller than that of their L 1 develops with increasing proficiency in E nglish. The purpose of the present research was to determine whether proficient J apanese‐ E nglish bilinguals also begin to use the smaller, phoneme‐sized units when producing J apanese words. In a masked priming naming task, proficient J apanese‐ E nglish bilinguals produced a significant masked onset priming effect for E nglish words, confirming that they do use phoneme‐sized units when phonologically encoding in E nglish ( L 2). These bilinguals, however, showed only mora‐based facilitation for J apanese words in an experiment involving only J apanese words. These results suggest that proficient bilinguals use different unit sizes depending on the language being produced, and that for bilinguals whose L 1 and L 2 have different unit sizes, the phonological encoding process is at least somewhat different in their two languages.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.039 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it