Treating Heavy Oil Wastewater for Beneficial Use by Integrated Technology of Bio-Oxidation and RO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heavy oil exploitation wastewater is characterized by its high concentration of emulsified oil, high salinity, high temperature and complex chemical components. This paper discuss a successful pilot-scale demonstration application of a unique technology integrating heat exchanger, gas floatation, biological contact oxygen, filtration, ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis at Chenzhuang oilfield. The scale of the process was about 360 m 3 /d, and the performance of the treatment process, the effectiveness of the technology for removal of oil and for controlling RO membranes fouling, and the economic effect are also discussed. Operation results show that the biological contact oxidation--ultra filtration process can reduce the oil contents to less than 0.5 mg/L and TDS to less than 3. The conductivity of RO effluent is below 456 μS·cm -1 , the treated water can meet the required standard for steam-injected boiler, and it can also be used to prepare polymer solution for viscosity keeping. Key words : Heavy oil wastewater; Biological contact oxygen; RO; Steam boiler; Polymer solution
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".