Detoxification of succinate semialdehyde in <i>Arabidopsis</i> glyoxylate reductase and NAD kinase mutants subjected to submergence stress
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Succinate semialdehyde (SSA) is a mitochondrially generated intermediate in the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), which accumulates in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. SSA can be reduced to γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in plants exposed to various abiotic stress conditions. Recent evidence indicates that distinct cytosolic and plastidial glyoxylate reductase isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (GLYR1 and GLYR2, respectively) catalyze the in vitro conversion of SSA to GHB, as well as glyoxylate to glycolate, via NADPH-dependent reactions. In the present study, recombinant Arabidopsis GLYR1 was demonstrated to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of both glyoxylate and SSA simultaneously to glycolate and GHB, respectively. Six-hour time-course experiments with intact vegetative wild-type Arabidopisis plants subjected to submergence demonstrated that GHB accumulates in rosette leaves, and this is accompanied by increasing levels of GABA and alanine, NADH/NAD + and NADPH/NADP + ratios, and GLYR1 and GLYR2 transcript abundance. The use of GLYR (glyr1 or glyr2 knockout) and NAD kinase1 (NADK1 suppression or overexpression) mutants demonstrated that under submergence the production of GHB is mediated via both GLYR isoforms, the loss of either GLYR1 or GLYR2 activity influences redox status and the levels of GABA and alanine, and the manipulation of NADP(H) availability, specifically in the cytosol, influences the production of GHB. These results suggest that biochemical mechanisms are more important than transcriptional mechanisms in the regulation of GLYR activity and SSA detoxification in plants during the onset of submergence-induced oxygen deficiency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it