Smoking Cessation Outcomes among Individuals with a History of Psychotic Disorders as Compared to Those without
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Psychotic disorders (e.g., Schizophrenia, schizoaffetive disorder) are associated with a higher smoking prevalence (relative to other psychiatric disorders) and smoking attributable mortality. Until recently, little has been done to address the disproportionate smoking in this population. The objectives of our study are to: 1) describe the characteristics of smokers with a history of psychiatric disorders (i.e., none, psychotic, and depressive/anxiety) and 2) examine smoking cessation/reduction outcomes by history of psychiatric disorders.\nMethods: Retrospective analyses were conducted from charts of 982 participants accessing a tailored, evidence-based, tobacco treatment program within mental health and addictions services in Vancouver, Canada. Demographics, tobacco use and cessation attempt history, nicotine dependence, importance and confidence in quitting smoking, expired carbon monoxide (expCO) level, history of polysubstance use, and total visits to the program were obtained. Main outcomes were: a) 7-day prevalence of smoking abstinence verified by expCO and b) a 50% reduction in baseline cigarette consumption verified by expCO (for those who did not achieve abstinence).\nResults: As compared to individuals with no psychiatric disorder, those with psychotic disorders were more likely to have initiated smoking later, report lower importance and confidence in quitting, smoke a greater number of cigarettes per day, and be more nicotine dependent. Among program completers (n=543), 35.7% of individuals with a psychotic disorder achieved smoking cessation (as compared to no psychiatric disorder =45.6% vs. depressive/anxiety disorder=39.6%, p=.350). Similarly, 59.3% of individuals with a psychotic disorder achieved smoking reduction (as compared to no psychiatric disorder=74.1% vs. vs. depressive/anxiety=67.3%, p=.370) among those who did not achieve abstinence at the end of treatment (n=244). In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of successful smoking cessation were: a) having a greater number of visits to the program among individuals without a psychiatric disorders, b) having a lower baseline expCO level among individuals with psychotic disorder, and c) a greater number of visits to the program and a greater length of abstinence at the last quit attempt among individuals with depressive/anxiety disorders.\nConclusion: Individuals with a history of psychotic disorders are able to achieve smoking cessation when provided evidence-based treatment. However, tailored approaches specific to the needs of individuals with psychotic disorders may be warranted to enhance cessation outcomes. Hence, future studies may be required to further understand how to tailor treatment outcomes and modify existing treatment approaches to optimize outcomes among individuals with a history of psychotic disorders and other psychiatric disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".