Non-invasive Fetal Sex Determination using Nested PCR of Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1 Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. 4 Department of reproductive techniques, Centre for Breeding and Improvement of Animal Production, Karaj, Iran. Abstract Cattle breeding are one of the fundamental and important economic activities. Sex determination is important for the management of fetal sex that which gender is more favorable according to the different targets. Methods of sex determination are divided into two categories: invasive and non-invasive. There are variants of candidate genes for prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex. Amelogenin genes that are on both chromosomes X and Y are significantly considered for fetal sex determination. Analysis of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum as anon-invasive method to gender determination is an active background for research. In this study the proliferation of free fetal DNA of Amelogenin gene in maternal blood and bovine morula embryos by using PCR for fetal sex determination were investigated. 51 blood samples from pregnant cows and also 18 samples of 5-6 days morula were collected from ranching and Centre of Breeding in Karaj. Serum preparation and extraction of DNA for each sample was done using modified phenol-chloroform extraction procedure. This primer was selected to allow the amplification of a 467 bp single fragment of the X chromosomes in female cattle and two 467 and 341 bp fragments of the X and Y chromosomes in male cattle To evaluate the agreement between predictions obtained and results of Follow up, chi-square and coefficients of Cohen's kappa and phi were used. This method could detect accurately the sex of male and females embryos by 89%.According to the results of chi-square test, there was an significant agreement (P <0.05) between the results predicted by the PCR and the results obtained from Follow up. For the value of agreement, the criterion (P <0.05) has been shown a significant agreement between the results predicted by the PCR and the results obtained from Follow up.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".