Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of liberal democratic societies is their thriving associational life. People belong to all kinds of different groups. The fairly robust guarantees of freedom of association that exist in most modern democracies have given rise to a cornucopia of forms of groups, whose members associate under often very different terms with a view to all kinds of ends. Many such groups organize their internal affairs illiberally. That is, they enforce norms that run foul of the commitments to freedom and equality characteristic of liberal democracies. They are often structured in highly authoritarian ways. They tend not to respect the principle of gender equality which liberal democracies strive to live by. And in certain cases, they impose what would from a liberal standpoint seem like unacceptable physical abuse upon some of its members, including children. How should the liberal state respond to such breaches of liberal principles? One prominent view, which presently dominates the philosophical literature on the subject, is that the state should abstain from intervening in the internal affairs of groups, so long as their members are provided with robust exit rights . When nothing objectively stands in the way of an individual terminating her membership in a group, and she chooses nonetheless to remain despite what might appear to others as harsh treatment, then the inference that ought to be drawn by the state is that she considers that continued membership in the group is worth more to her, all things considered, than the cessation of harsh treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.045 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.021 | 0.025 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".