UBC Excavations of the Roman Villa at Gerace, Sicily: Results of the 2013 Season
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes results from UBC excavations at the Roman villa of Gerace, Sicily, in 2013. Geophysical survey in 2012 demonstrated that some half a dozen further structures once existed here, in addition to the small villa-like building partially investigated by others in 1994 and 2007. In 2013 excavation concentrated on rooms 1 and 2 of the latter residence. The former, provided with a bench, a work-top and an earth floor, may have been a kitchen. Room 2 had a white mortar floor and plastered walls. A small portion of mosaic-paved corridor outside these rooms was also investigated. The building was erected not before ca. ad 370 and perished in a fire in the second half of the fifth century. Immediately to the east a building suggested by geophysics to have been some 50 m long was trial-trenched. The part excavated was paved with an intact floor of stone flags. The paving extended up to 2.20 m beyond the structure’s east and west exterior walls, possibly to ensure it was kept dry. It may have been the estate granary or storebuilding. Probably built in the first half of the fourth century, replacing an earlier structure below, it had a short life: it collapsed dramatically, perhaps in the earthquake of ad 361/363, and was never rebuilt. A heated room, possibly belonging to a bath-suite in the villa-like building, was found in the west end of the trench; part of the granary’s roof collapse and west wall were removed to provide space for the later structure’s stoke-hole. Among the finds were 99 stamps on roof tiles from the villa-like building. Ten dies were recorded, eight of them varieties of the name Philippianus, who may have been the owner of the Gerace estate in the later fourth century. Cet article présente les résultats des fouilles menées en 2013 par l’UBC à la villa romaine de Gerace en Sicile. Une prospection géophysique avait révélé en 2012 l’existence de près d’une demi-douzaine de structures, en plus du petit bâtiment de style villa, par ailleurs déjà partiellement exploré en 1994 et 2007. En 2013, les fouilles de ce bâtiment se sont concentrées sur les chambres 1 et 2. La première, munie d’un banc, d’un plan de travail et d’un plancher en terre battue, pourrait avoir été une cuisine. La deuxième possédait un plancher en mortier blanc et des murs recouverts de plâtre. Une portion du corridor pavé de mosaïques à l’extérieur des chambres a également été examinée. L’édifice fut construit au plus tôt en 370 après J. C. et détruit par les flammes durant la seconde moitié du V e siècle. Immédiatement à l’est, une structure, évaluée à 50 m de long selon l’examen géophysique, a fait l’objet d’un sondage par tranchée, qui a révélé un pavement intact de dalles en pierre. Ce pavement se prolongeait jusqu’à 2,2 m au-delà des murs extérieurs à l’ouest et à l’est du bâtiment, dans un but probable de régulation de l’humidité. Il pourrait s’agir du grenier à grain ou de l’entrepôt du domaine. Construit vraisemblablement durant la première moitié du IV e siècle, en remplacement d’une structure antérieure sous-jacente, il fut en usage peu longtemps ; il s’effondra brutalement, peut-être lors du tremblement de terre de 361-363 après J. C., et ne fut jamais reconstruit. Une salle chauffante, qui devait jouxter la salle de bain de la villa, a été découverte à l’extrémité occidentale de la tranchée ; une partie du toit du grenier effondré et du mur occidental avaient été retirées pour faire place au foyer de la chaufferie ( praefurnium ) de cette pièce. Parmi les découvertes figuraient 99 tuiles de toit provenant de l’habitation principale et marquées d’étampes, pour un total de dix coins, dont huit montraient des variantes du nom de Philippianus, probable propriétaire du domaine de Gerace à la fin du IV e siècle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".