Recent Progress in Zeolite/Zeotype Membranes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review of the recent progresses made in the field of zeolite membranes. It describes zeolitic materials and methods of membrane fabrication, followed by a summary of applications for gas separation, pervaporation and separation of liquid mixtures. Special attention is called to polymer mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and membranes based on metal organic frame works (MOFs). In this comprehensive survey, the following trends were observed during the past 5 – 10 years. New zeolitic materials and new synthesis methods, such as hydrothermal synthesis, seeding and microwave heating, have been continuously reported in the literature. Many efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of hybrid or mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) since MMMs clearly outperformed polymeric membranes. MOFs also showed improved performance in gas separation. Many attempts have been made to develop thin (1µm) supported zeolite layers on a variety of carriers such as capillaries, fibers, tubes, etc. The assembly of nanozeolite building blocks and nanosheets is the starting point for the synthesis of thin defect free zeolite membranes. The present review presents the recent progresses made in the field of zeolite/zeotype membranes. Different types of zeolite membranes, methods of preparation and application aspects especially for separation of gases have been focused on, including the individual zeolites which are in use or are to be used as inorganic fillers in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Despite the enormous efforts of researchers, the commercialization of zeolite membranes has been achieved only in a limited area. The future works necessary to change the current situation are hence suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".