Seismic assessment and upgrade of Type 2 construction steel moment-resisting frames built in Canada between the 1960s and 1980s using passive supplemental damping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The seismic performance of a typical 1960s Type 2 construction steel moment-resisting frame hospital structure designed only for lateral wind loads was investigated. The structure was found to have a soft first storey and displayed large P–Δ sensitivities. An experimental program determined that the connections had considerable inherent ductility and were stable up to 2.0% interstorey drift, despite not having been designed for a ductile cyclic response. The structure was numerically modelled using advanced strength degradation considerations. A nonlinear time-history analysis was conducted using Montreal and Vancouver ground motions and the structure’s performance was found to be inadequate under the considered design hazard levels. Retrofits were proposed for the two orthogonal frames using a performance-based approach and supplemental damping, rather than local interventions to increase the ductility of these connections, and the performance of the final retrofit designs were investigated numerically to confirm that the desired performance levels were achieved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".