Temperature dependence of charge carrier ranges in stabilized a-Se photoconductors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using time-of-flight (TOF) and interrupted-field TOF we have measured the electron and hole drift mobilities, μ e and μ h , lifetimes, τ e and τ h , and hence carrier ranges, μ e τ e and μ h τ h , in stabilized a-Se as a function of temperature from −25 to 45 °C. Above room temperature, μ e τ e and μ h τ h show a slight increase with temperature and peak around 31 and 35 °C, respectively. The μ e τ e at 35 °C and μ h τ h at 40 °C are approximately the same as room temperature values. Below room temperature, down to −25 °C, both μ e and μ h decrease with decreasing temperature with activation energies E μ e and E μ h that are 0.38 and 0.21 eV. The electron and hole lifetimes, τ e and τ h , are also thermally activated but they increase with decreasing temperature with activation energies E τ e and E τ h that are 0.31 and 0.18 eV. These are quite close to corresponding activation energies for the drift mobilities within experimental errors. The electron and hole ranges, μ e τ e and μ h τ h , therefore exhibit only a weak temperature dependence, both increase slightly with temperature. These observations are consistent with shallow trap controlled transport in the presence of a set of deep traps. The X-ray sensitivity of a photoconductor, among other factors, depends on the charge collection efficiency, which depends on electron and hole ranges, μ e τ e and μ h τ h . Because these carrier ranges do not show any significant temperature dependence, one can conclude that the X-ray sensitivity of stabilized a-Se over the temperature range from −25 to 40 °C should not be affected by changes in the collection efficiency.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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