Studies on the Scaling of High Pressure and Low Permeability Oil Reservoir Water Injection Well
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Injection wells scaling and scale inhibitor were studied in this paper, in consideration of the severe scaling problem of a high pressure injection wells in low permeability reservoirs. The result shows that the injected water contains some scale ions, such as carbonate calcium and magnesium ions. It also demonstrates that the main component of the scale is calcium carbonate, while the scale at bottom hole contains more silicon dioxide. Besides, the scaling of water injection wells mainly appear in the lower parts of the well and its thickness along the well increases rapidly. The indoor experiments of anti-scaling agent indicate that the anti-scaling agent is of good performance in scale prevention and its best concentration is 15 mg/L. In addition, it is also found that the scale inhibiting efficiency of scale inhibitor 2 is higher when the injected water is at low temperature, while scale inhibitor 1 shows better performance when the temperature of injected water is over 75 ℃. Key words : High pressure and low permeability oil reservoir; Water injection well; Scaling; Scale inhibitor
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".