Bibliographic record
Abstract
WTO disputes form an important part of the way we think about WTO law today. Nevertheless, given the fact that virtually all of the disputes must, at some point or other, settle, this article argues that an important — and perhaps even pre-eminent — aspect of WTO law is the law of settlement. There is an actual duty on parties in WTO law to resolve the cases they are involved in. This is not a “hard” obligation in the sense of having to achieve a specific result, but rather one of a softer, process-oriented variety. This article examines the law of negotiation and settlement in domestic labour law and Aboriginal law as a prelude to examining the extent of this duty as developed in U.S. – Shrimp and U.S. – Continued Suspension
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.049 | 0.066 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.060 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.017 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Research integrity | 0.019 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".