Delta-lactoferrin, an intracellular lactoferrin isoform that acts as a transcription factor<sup>1</sup>This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lactoferrin and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Delta-lactoferrin (ΔLf) is a transcription factor of which the expression is downregulated in cancer. It is a healthy tissue marker and a high expression level of its transcripts was correlated with a good prognosis in breast cancer. ΔLf results from alternative promoter usage of the hLf gene leading to the production of 2 isoforms with alternative N-termini: lactoferrin, which is secreted, and ΔLf, its nucleocytoplasmic counterpart. ΔLf possesses antiproliferative properties and induces cell cycle arrest. It is an efficient transcription factor interacting in vivo via a ΔLf response element found in the Skp1, Bax, DcpS, and SelH promoters. Since ΔLf possesses different target genes, modifications in its activity or concentration may have crucial effects on cell homeostasis. Posttranslational modifications modulate ΔLf transcription factor activity. Our earlier investigations showed that O-GlcNAcylation negatively regulates ΔLf transcriptional activity, whilst inhibiting its ubiquitination and increasing its half-life. On the other hand, phosphorylation potentiates ΔLf transcriptional activity. Recently, we showed that ΔLf is also modified by SUMOylation. Therefore, cooperation and (or) competition among SUMOylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to the establishment of a fine regulation of ΔLf transcriptional activity depending on the type of target gene and cellular homeostasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".