The effect of exercise on angiogenic factors in the healthy mouse heart : a short report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Exercise increases blood levels of crucial angiogenic factors and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are also increased in skeletal muscle in response to exercise. In the healthy heart, voluntary exercise is not expected to cause local hypoxia. We studied how voluntary exercise affects cardiac expression of HIF-1a, VEGF and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1), as well as EPC levels in heart and skeletal muscle.Method: Thirty-two NMRI mice were randomized to exercise in running wheels (EX) or regular activity (SED). HIF-1a, VEGF and SDF-1 mRNA levels were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and EPC levels in heart and hind limb were quantified by FACS after 7 and 14 days.Results: There was no significant difference in cardiac expression of HIF-1a, VEGF or SDF-1 between EX and SED. Cardiac EPC levels were not affected by exercise, while skeletal EPC level was more than doubled.Conclusion: Voluntary exercise does not seem to induce cardiac hypoxia or stimulate the angiogenic system. In the healthy normoxic heart, there is a limited need of supporting blood supply, which might explain these findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".