T‐cell phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lymph nodes in pulmonary sarcoidosis – indication for an airborne antigen as the triggering factor in sarcoidosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. Darlington P, Haugom‐Olsen H, von Sivers K, Wahlström J, Runold M, Svjatoha V, Porwit A, Eklund A, Grunewald J (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). T‐cell phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood and lymph nodes in pulmonary sarcoidosis – indication for an airborne antigen as the triggering factor in sarcoidosis. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 465–471. Background. An increased percentage of CD4+ T cells is usually observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with sarcoidosis. In HLA‐DRB1*03‐positive patients, such T cells express the T‐cell receptor (TCR) AV2S3+ gene segment. It is not known whether cells found in BALF reflect those in enlarged regional lymph nodes (LNs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare T‐cell phenotypes in BALF, blood and mediastinal LNs. Methods. Fifteen patients underwent clinical investigation including bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Blood samples were drawn, and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of enlarged mediastinal LNs was performed via the oesophagus. T cells from all three compartments were analysed by flow cytometry for markers of activity, differentiation and T regulatory function. Results. The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in BALF compared with regional LNs and was also significantly higher in LNs than in blood. The CD4+ T cells were recently activated and more differentiated in BALF than in blood and LNs. There was an accumulation of T regulatory cells (FOXP3+) in LNs and a correlation between high levels of FOXP3+ cells in BALF and in LNs. In HLA‐DRB1*03‐positive patients, TCR AV2S3+ CD4+ T cells were predominantly localized within BALF. Conclusions. The CD4+ T‐cell phenotype in BALF indicates an active ongoing specific immune response primarily localized to the alveolar space.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".