<i>Cabomba caroliniana</i> Gray (Cabombaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Cabomba ( Cabomba caroliniana Gray, Cabombaceae), or water fanwort, is a fast-growing submerged aquatic plant that has the potential to infest permanent water bodies in a range of regions – from tropical to cool temperate – throughout the world. It is considered a serious pest in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, India, China, and Australia, and is present in Hungary, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. Cabomba grows well in slow-moving water bodies, preferring areas of permanent standing water less than 4 m deep; however, it can also grow at depths up to 6 m in Australia (Schooler and Julien, 2006). The weed is recognized by its opposing pairs of finely dissected underwater leaves that are feathery or fan-like in appearance (Fig. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2). Small white flowers bearing three petals and three sepals extend above the water surface, making infestations more visible in summer months. Reproduction is almost entirely vegetative throughout most of the introduced localities and any fragment that includes nodes can grow into a new plant (Sanders, 1979). Cabomba originates from South America (Orgaard, 1991). The plant's tolerance of fragmentation and delicate appearance make it a desirable aquarium plant (Hiscock, 2003) and consequently it was brought into many countries through the aquarium trade. Cabomba was subsequently introduced into lakes and streams both accidentally, through the dumping of aquarium water, and on purpose, to enable cultivation for later collection and sale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".