POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MARGINAL DRYLANDS
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Land degradation has become a most pressing issue in drylands. Although crop and livestock production have been the dominant sources of income, there is an increasing realisation that alternative livelihood options need to be explored to ensure both environmental and economic sustainability. This paper provides a systematic review of alternative livelihood strategies currently adopted for improving livelihood conditions of dryland dwellers in different parts of the world. Although drylands encompass a vast social and geographic terrain and represent a heterogeneous socio‐economic environment, this paper has been able to document some general lessons applicable to rural drylands for diversifying livelihood opportunities and promoting rural development while minimising the pressure from intensive land‐based activities. The paper concludes with a discussion on how international development policies can move forward in the fight against land degradation and in helping achieve poverty reduction through investments in sustainable land management and alternative livelihood strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it