Levels and Trends of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: A Sociological Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A lthough prior research on immigrat ion has focused on various aspects of immigrants' assimilation and integration into the mainstream society limited attention has been given in examin ing the levels and trends of temporary foreign workers in Canada. This study is a modest attempt not only to explore levels and trends of temporary foreign workers but also to examine their gender and occupational variations by country of origin. This study is conducted using secondary data fro m Cit izenship and Immigrat ion (CIC) Canada. The levels and trends of the foreign workers in the Canadian labour market during 1983-2007 show that a substantial nu mbers of foreign workers have co me to Canada co mpared to economic immigrants. Most of them are emp loyed in lo w-paying jobs and are subjected to various kinds of exp loitation. The percentages of foreign workers in professional job have decreased rapidly during 1998-2007, whereas their percentages in intermediate and clerical jobs have increased dramatically during the same period. Policy imp lications are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".