Impedance tube characterization of elastic properties of expanding foams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many authors worked on the propagation o f acoustical and elastic waves in elastic open-cell porous materials.The energy carried by the waves is dissipated through structural damping loss, viscous loss (due to relative motion between the two phases), and thermal loss [i].In the case o f elastic closed-cell foams, there is no relative motion between the fluid and the solid phases.Consequently, the only energy dissipation mechanisms are the structural damping and thermal losses [2].From the Biot's theory [3], only the elastic compression and shear waves now propagate in the closed-cell foams.In this case, few specific models were proposed to study the acoustic dissipation within this type of foams.The most common way o f modelling these foams is to use a solid model with equivalent elastic properties.Even if the core o f these foams is made o f closed cells (i.e., no propagation o f acoustical waves in the core), their surface may show open cells and irregularities (e.g., exploded cells).In this case, the surface may be seen as a thin resistive layer showing some surface sound absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".