60-GHz PA and LNA in 90-nm RF-CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
60-GHz power (PA) and low-noise (LNA) amplifiers implemented in a 90-nm RF-CMOS process with thick 9-metal layer copper backend and transistor fT/fmaxof 140GHz/170GHz are reported. The PA operates from a 1.5V supply with 5.2dB power gain, a 3-dB bandwidth >13GHz, a P1dBof +6.4dBm with 7% PAE and a saturated output power of +9.3dBm at 60GHz. The LNA features 14.6dB gain, an IIP3 of -6.8dBm, and a simulated NF of 4.5dB, while drawing 16mA from a 1.5V supply. Both circuits employ inductors which reduce the total PA and LNA die sizes to 0.35 times 0.43 mm2and 0.35 times 0.40 mm2, respectively
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".