The Use of New Technology and Rising Inequality in New Zealand: Evidence from Unit Record Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the late 19' 11 century to the late 20'11 century inequality was generally in decline in all the developed countries, including New Zealand. However this pattern was abruptly reversed in the 1970s, and at least up to the mid 1990s inequality was generally on the rise again. The last quarter of the 2fl' century was also marked by rapid uptake of new information and communication technologies (JCT), prompting many commentators to ask whether there might be a connection. The present study uses unit record data from the Household Labour Force Survey to explore the extent to which wage inequality is related to new technology in New Zealand, and the extent to which it is correlated with skills and qualifications. The relationship appears to be relatively strong for workers in the lower half of the distribution, suggesting that workers with low skill levels have very poor prospects in industries using new technology. If the adoption of new technology is to be further encouraged it may be important to raise the skill levels of workers near the bottom of the distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".