Carbonation of fly ash concrete: laboratory and field data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study consists of investigating the carbonation resistance of two series of concrete mixtures designed for three classes of concrete (25, 35, and 45 MPa compressive strength at 28 d) and using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) type I Portland cement and two commercially used fly ashes meeting the ASTM standards at the level of 20%, 35%, and 50% of the total weight of cementitious materials. The carbonation resistance was determined on samples moist cured for 3, 7, and 10 d and exposed to a CO 2 -enriched environment (3% CO 2 at 23 °C and 65% relative humidity) for 140 d to accelerate the carbonation; it was also determined on samples moist cured for 7 d and exposed to an indoor and outdoor natural environments for 4 years. A mathematical model allowing the prediction of the depth of accelerated carbonation of fly ash concrete mixtures is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".