Subsistence Trade and World Trade: Gendered Class Struggle in Kenya, 1999-2002
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inclusion of agriculture in the Genera] Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) in 1992 and the institutionalization of this agreement in the World Trade Organization in 1995 have put subsistence trade and world trade on a collision course throughout the world. This is no less the case in Kenya where global corporate rule and its violent enforcement have ushered in a new cycle of struggle. This new upsurge embraces most of the issues central to the Kenya Land and Freedom Army or Mau Mau which won Kenya its independence from Britain in 1963. On the one hand corporate rule has led the foreign capitalists and African home guards who enforce commodified production and trade into confrontation with those who are exploited and dispossessed in the process. On the other hand the world trade regime has clarified two distinct positions among the dispossessed who turn to subsistence production and trade in greater numbers as the commodified economy fails to allow most to survive. (excerpt)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".