Общественное призрение и благотворительность: из истории понятий
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the paper the history of evolution of the notions of charity and public assistance is considered in Russia up to the end of the 19th century. The institutions of assistance and mutual aid appeared at the earliest stage of human history, were developed and transformed in conjunction with differences in social life. At the ancient Russian stage, these notions have taken the forms of «blagotvorenie » (philanthropy). At the 17th century the term «prizrenie » appeared as an attempt to mark out the range of state regulation measures in this field. At the early stages of its existence public assistance institution was closely connected with the charity one. The notion of social care appeared only in the last quarter of 18th century as a result of the establishment of the territorial administrative organizations the Departments of Social Care («Prikazy obschestvennogo prizreniya»). Until the 19th century these notions continued to be mutually complementary. And only in the 19th century the tendency of terminological opposition in the notions development became prevailing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".