Territory and fiber orientation of vastus medialis motor units: A Surface electromyography investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle fibers innervated by single motor neurons are confined in small subvolumes of the vastus medialis (VM) and if motor unit fiber orientation depends on their position within the muscle. METHODS: Single motor units were identified from a grid of surface electrodes. The size of their surface representation and fiber orientation were extracted using an algorithm validated on simulated signals. RESULTS: The action potentials of 77 motor units were represented locally on the skin (10th-90th percentiles: 14-25 mm). According to simulations, this indicates territories smaller than 11.8-64.8 mm. Motor units in distal regions of VM had fibers at a greater angle than those in proximal regions (R = -0.54, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Motor units with small territories and varying fiber orientations may be an anatomical predisposition to regulate how regions within VM apply forces to the patella. This could help to redistribute loads within the joint in painful conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".