Surgical outcomes of primary foldable intraocular lens implantation in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate visual and stereoscopic performance after pediatric cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation performed by the same surgeon over 24 years and to review the complications. SETTING: The Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. METHODS: This retrospective review comprised children aged 1 month to 18 years who had small-incision cataract extraction with foldable posterior chamber IOL implantation from 1995 to 2008. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up was 6 months to 12 years. Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) requiring secondary surgical membranectomy developed in 22.7% of the children. Younger children developed PCO more often than older children. The PCO rate was 70.8% in children younger than 1 year and decreased steadily to 6.1% in children older than 7 years. The mean onset of PCO was 6.1 months postoperatively. Other complications were vitreous tags (12.0%), IOL dislocation (4.7%), and loose corneal sclera sutures (2.7%). Of the eyes in which vision could be recorded, 89.5% had improved corrected visual acuity, with no eye losing acuity. Stereopsis was present in 35% of testable children preoperatively and 91% postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery in children younger than 2 years should be considered a 2-stage procedure in view of the higher incidence of PCO. Secondary glaucoma decreased significantly when surgery was performed after 30 days of age and the eye was left pseudophakic after surgery. Further improvements in IOL design, surgical instrumentation, and implantation techniques will continue to improve the ability to visually rehabilitate children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".