Migratory strategies of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) postsmolts and implications for marine survival of endangered populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The migration of wild and hatchery Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts of different origins was monitored using ultrasonic tags and arrays of acoustic receivers across the Bay of Fundy (BoF), Canada. Postsmolts from outer BoF populations migrated rapidly into the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and did not return, and most were classified as distant migrants (77%–100%). In contrast, postsmolts from inner BoF populations were usually classified as coastal migrants that returned to the BoF for the summer (30%–90%). They used well-defined migration corridors, close to shore, associated with prevailing surface currents. An Akaike information criterion (AIC) evaluation of migration models identified region and watershed, date of river exit, and migration speed as important predictive variables for coastal residency. A late or slow migration increased residency, as did delaying hatchery releases. The BoF provided returning postsmolts with a summer thermal refuge (8–14 °C) encircled by warm water (>20 °C), but extended residency in this coastal habitat increased exposure to sources of mortality absent further at sea. This reduced marine survival of inner BoF salmon to almost nothing. It is likely that the different migratory strategies of inner and outer BoF salmon populations influenced their relative marine survival and endangered status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".