Can quantum control modify thermodynamic behavior?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We review the effects of frequent, impulsive quantum nondemolition measurements of the energy of two-level systems, alias qubits, in contact with a thermal bath. The resulting entropy and temperature of the system subject to measurements at intervals below the bath memory (Markovianity) time are completely determined by the measurement rate. Namely, they are unrelated to what is expected by standard thermodynamical behavior that holds for Markovian baths. These anomalies allow for very fast control of heating, cooling, and state-purification (entropy reduction) of qubits, much sooner than their thermal equilibration time. We further show that frequent measurements may enable the extraction of work in a closed cycle from the system−bath interaction (correlation) energy, a hitherto unexploited work resource. They allow for work even if no information is gathered or the bath is at zero temperature, provided the cycle is within the bath memory time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".