A Tale of Two Cities: The Reception of Japanese Evacuees in Kelowna and Kaslo, B.C.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a tale of two British Columbia interior cities which, despite similarities in their backgrounds, had very different reactions to the arrival of Japanese evacuees in 1942. Both Kelowna and Kaslo were service centres for the surrounding countryside. In both cities the population was overwhelmingly British in origin ; in both, about a third of the people adhered to the United Church of Canada and about a quarter to the Church of England. Except for the Roman Catholics, who formed about 20 per cent of Kelowna's population, no other denomination claimed more than 10 per cent of the population (table 1). As the crow flies, only about 125 miles separate the cities, but the Selkirk and Monashee mountains are so formidable that no direct road or rail line links them. Indeed, more than mountains separated Kelowna and Kaslo. Kelowna and Kaslo were not the only British Columbia communities to receive Japanese evacuees, but their very different responses illustrate two extremes. Kelowna, which had a population of 5,118 in 1941, is situated in the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".