An Evaluation of Select Physical Activity Exercise Classes (PEX) on Bone Mineral Density
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of structured physical activity classes on bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Thirty-nine women ages 18–35 y who were either enrolled in a yoga class (n=14), cardio-kickboxing class (n=13), or no physical activity class (control; n=12) voluntarily consented to participate. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the hip, spine, and total body were measured just before commencement and just after completion of the semester-long classes. Likewise, blood samples were drawn pre- and post-semester for measurement of osteocalcin, and dietary and physical activity questionnaires were also completed. RESULTS: Neither yoga nor cardio-kickboxing affected BMD at any of the measured sites. Osteocalcin concentration increased from pre- to post-semester measures (pre = 12.15 ng/mL, post = 41.15 ng/mL; P < 0.001), but groups were not different (P = 0.314). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, 12 weeks of yoga and cardio-kickboxing physical activity classes were insufficient to induce bone mineral density changes. However, osteoblast activity was likely elevated as reflected by increased blood osteocalcin concentrations over time, thereby indicating stimulation of the bone formation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".