An Evaluation of Select Physical Activity Exercise Classes (PEX) on Bone Mineral Density
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of structured physical activity classes on bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Thirty-nine women ages 18–35 y who were either enrolled in a yoga class (n=14), cardio-kickboxing class (n=13), or no physical activity class (control; n=12) voluntarily consented to participate. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the hip, spine, and total body were measured just before commencement and just after completion of the semester-long classes. Likewise, blood samples were drawn pre- and post-semester for measurement of osteocalcin, and dietary and physical activity questionnaires were also completed. RESULTS: Neither yoga nor cardio-kickboxing affected BMD at any of the measured sites. Osteocalcin concentration increased from pre- to post-semester measures (pre = 12.15 ng/mL, post = 41.15 ng/mL; P < 0.001), but groups were not different (P = 0.314). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, 12 weeks of yoga and cardio-kickboxing physical activity classes were insufficient to induce bone mineral density changes. However, osteoblast activity was likely elevated as reflected by increased blood osteocalcin concentrations over time, thereby indicating stimulation of the bone formation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".